Hip Pain and Coldness from Piriformis
What is Piriformis Syndrome?

The piriformis muscle starts at your lower spine and connects to each thighbone (femur). Piriformis syndrome occurs when the muscle becomes tight or goes into spasms, putting pressure on the sciatic
nerve. Prolonged sitting, car accidents and falls can contribute to piriformis syndrome.

Symptoms

Pain that radiates from your lower (lumbar) spine to your buttock and down the back of your leg is the hallmark of Piriformis Syndrome. You may feel the discomfort almost anywhere along the nerve pathway, but it's especially likely to follow a path from your low back to your buttock and the back of your thigh and calf.

The pain can vary widely, from a mild ache to a sharp, burning sensation or excruciating discomfort. Sometimes it may feel like a jolt or electric shock. It may be worse when you cough or sneeze, and prolonged sitting can aggravate symptoms. Usually only one lower extremity is affected.

Western Medicine Treatment

For most people, sciatica responds well to self-care measures. These may include use of alternating cold packs and hot packs, stretching, exercise, and use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Beyond the self-care measures you may have taken, your doctor may recommend the following:

Physical therapy. If you have a herniated disk, physical therapy can play a vital role in your recovery. Once acute pain improves, your doctor or a physical therapist can design a rehabilitation program
to help prevent recurrent injuries.

Rehabilitation typically includes exercises to help correct your posture, strengthen the muscles supporting your back and improve your flexibility. Your doctor will have you start physical therapy, exercise or both as early as possible. It's the cornerstone of your treatment program and should become part of your permanent routine at home.


Prescription drugs. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe an anti-inflammatory medication along with a muscle relaxant. Narcotics also may be prescribed for short-term pain relief. Tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsant drugs also can help ease chronic pain. They may help by blocking pain messages to the brain or by enhancing the production of endorphins, your body's natural painkillers.

More aggressive treatments

When conservative measures don't alleviate your pain within a few months, one of the following may be an option for sciatica treatment:

Epidural steroid injections. In some cases, your doctor may recommend injection of a corticosteroid medication into the affected area. Corticosteroids suppress inflammation around the irritated nerve, thereby helping to relieve pain.


Their usefulness in treating sciatica remains a matter of debate. Some research has found that corticosteroids can provide short-term symptom relief but that these medications aren't a long-term
solution. In addition, corticosteroids can have side effects, so the number of injections you can receive is limited. If your doctor recommends corticosteroids, he or she will determine a safe course of injections for you.


Surgery. This is usually reserved for times when the compressed nerve causes significant weakness, bowel or bladder incontinence or when you have pain that gets progressively worse or doesn't improve with other therapies.


Surgical options include diskectomy and microdiskectomy. In diskectomy, surgeons remove a portion of a herniated disk that's pressing on a nerve. Ideally, most of the disk is left intact to preserve as much of the normal anatomy as possible. Sometimes a surgeon will perform this operation through a small incision
while looking through a microscope (microdiskectomy).

Success rates of standard diskectomy and microdiskectomy are about equal, but you may have less pain and recover more quickly with microdiskectomy. Discuss which option might be best for you with your doctor, and carefully weigh the potential benefits of surgery against the risks.


Adopted from mayoclinic.com